[Listen and answer] nghe và điền từ

by **kingofgame** Wed Jul 22, 2015 11:59 am

mixcloud.com/manhlinh2501/hy/
In the early nineteen fifties, (1) .................found that people scored lower on (2)................tests if they spoke more than one language. Research in the (3)................... found the opposite. Bilingual people (4)......................... higher than monolinguals, people who speak only one language. So which is it?
Researchers presented their (5) ..........................studies last month at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The latest (6) .........................shows that being bilingual does not (7)..................... make people smarter. But researcher Ellen Bialystok says it probably does make you better at certain ( Cool

........................
ELLEN BIALYSTOK:"Imagine driving down the (9)..................... There’s many things that could (10)............... your attention and you really need to be able to (11)................. all of them. Why would bilingualism make you any (12)................. at that?"
And the answer, she says, is that bilingual people are often better at controlling their attention -- a function (13).................... the executive control system.
ELLEN BIALYSTOK:"It’s quite possibly the most important cognitive system we have because it's (14).................... all of your (15)................ about what to attend to, what to (16)..................., what to process are made."
Ms. Bialystok is a psychology (17).......................... at York University in Toronto, Canada. She (18)..................... the best method to (19)...................... the executive control system is called the Stroop Test. A person is shown (20)...................... in different colors. The person has to ignore the word but say the (21).......................... The problem is that the words are all (22)...................of colors.
ELLEN BIALYSTOK:"So you would have the word blue (23) in red, but you have to say red. But blue is so salient, it's just (24) up all these circuits in your brain, and you really want to say blue. So you need a mechanism to override that so that you can say red. That’s the executive control system."
Her work (25) that bilingual people continually practice this (26). They have to, because both (27) are active in their brain at the same time. They need to suppress one to be able to speak in the other.
This (28) exercise might help in other ways, too. Researchers say bilingual children are better able to separate a word from (29) meaning, and more likely to have friends from different (30). Bilingual (31) are often four to five years later than (32) in developing dementia or Alzheimer's (33).
(34) language study has increased in the United States. But (35)Alison Mackey at Georgetown University (36) out that English-speaking (37) are still far behind the rest of the world.
ALISON MACKEY:"In England, like in the United States, bilingualism is seen as something (38) and unique and something to be (39) on and perhaps work towards, whereas in many other partsof the world being bilingual is just seen as a (40) part of life."
And that's the VOA Special English Health Report, written by Kelly Nuxoll. Tell us about your experience learning languages. Go to voaspecialenglish.com or the VOA Learning English page on Facebook. I'm Steve Ember.